Promoting Cross Cultural Competence For Pre Service...

Through the article â€Å"Fostering Cross Cultural Competence in Pre-service Teachers Through Multicultural Education Experiences†, author Dr. Jared Keengwe discusses the growing conflict of diversity in American classrooms. Dr. Keengwe argues that 21st century educators are not properly prepared to teach, or communicate effectively with students of diverse backgrounds. In many examples provided throughout the article, Dr. Keengwe presents the negative attributes associated with such educators who lack experience in multicultural educational environments. With immigration into the United States increasing each year, the number of culturally diverse students entering the classroom appears to be overwhelming current educators. According to the author, these facts are linked to the failure of teacher educational programs. Dr. Keengwe believes there is a pressing need for teacher educators to increase hands on multicultural courses that incorporate cultural competence, in order fo r pre-service teachers to succeed in the classroom. Developing the ability to communicate with culturally diverse students allows for teachers to create a positive learning experience for every individual. The author states that not only is it important for teachers to be prepared to work with students from different backgrounds, but also from a young age students in today’s generation should be developing an understanding of the world around them. Dr. Keengwe refers to multicultural scholars as heShow MoreRelatedDual Language4991 Words   |  20 PagesAbstract 2 Features of Dual Language Education Programs 4 Assessment and Accountability 6 Curriculum 6 Instruction 7 Staff Quality 10 Professional Development 12 Program Structure 14 Family and Community 16 Support and Resources 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Abstract What is Dual language? 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However, there are alsoRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesAdvancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care A Roadmap for Hospitals Quality Safety Equity A Roadmap for Hospitals Project Staff Amy Wilson-Stronks, M.P.P., Project Director, Health Disparities, Division of Quality Measurement and Research, The Joint Commission. Paul Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission Christina L. 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You must always assign a suspense date on their review, so you can complete the SOP on time. The commander s approval makes this document a SOP After you receive suggestions andRead MoreChrysanthemum Cineraiifolium23103 Words   |  93 PagesREVIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 ANALYSIS DISCUSSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..29 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.43 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.47 BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.56 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Team relationships, and thus, the experiences of working in teams itself, are affected by perceptions of â€Å"distance.† Distance influences leader-team member relationships, which in turn have been shown to impact many project outcomes (Bass, 1990; Lowe, Kroeck, Sivasubramaniam, 1996; NorthhouseRead MoreCNPC CSR report25861 Words   |  104 Pages46 Social Recognition Improving Product, Engineering and Service Quality 28 48 Performance Data 49 Outlook for 2013 50 Glossary 51 GRI and IPIECA/API Index 03 Employee Development 30 Employees’ Rights and Interests 31 Development Platforms Occupational Health 32 35 36 Caring for Employees 37 Localization and Diversity 04 Public Welfare 38 Poverty Alleviation Supporting Education 39 41 Driving Local Development 42 Fostering Civility Read MoreMcdonald Marketing of Service12670 Words   |  51 PagesCompany’s Corporate and Marketing Objectives 6 2 Situation Analysis 7 2.1 External Environment 7 2.1.1 PESTLE Analysis 7 2.1.2 Competitive Audit 10 2.2 Internal Environment 11 2.2.1 Internal Environment 11 2.3 Goods or Services Continuum 14 2.4 Services Characteristics 14 2.4.1 Intangibility 14 2.4.2 Heterogeneity 15 2.4.3 Perishability 15 2.4.4 Inseparability 15 2.5 Core and Peripheral Elements 15 2.5.1 Core Elements 16 2.5.2 Supplementary Elements 16 2.6 BundleRead MoreConflict Management and Emotional Intelligence63003 Words   |  253 PagesSouthern Cross University ePublications@SCU Theses 2010 Conflict management and emotional intelligence Yu Fai Leung Southern Cross University, keith.leung.yu.fai@gmail.com Suggested Citation Leung, YF 2010, Conflict management and emotional intelligence , DBA thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. Copyright YF Leung 2010 ePublications@SCU is an electronic repository administered by Southern Cross University Library. Its goal is to capture and preserve the intellectual Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmost of the main issues in the text. As such, they should provide a useful backbone to a programme of study but could sensibly be supplemented by other material. We have provided a mixture of longer and shorter cases to increase the ï ¬â€šexibility for teachers. Combined with the illustrations and the short case examples at the end of each chapter (in both versions of the book) this increases the reader’s and tutor’s choice. For example, when deciding on material for Chapter 2, the case example, Global

Who Is Myers Briggs Personality Test - 1450 Words

Introduction I have been always sceptical about personality tests, seeing them as another form of horoscope or fortune cookies, which establish a set of vague of personalities descriptions. Although I was aware that Myers Briggs personality test are used by companies all over the world, I knew that they lack scientific credibility. Despite these doubts I have approached the Module 4 Group Assignment with positive and enthusias-tic attitude. Surprisingly, my Myers Briggs result turned out to be very close to reality. Classified as ENFP, it described me as â€Å"independent, energetic and trustful person, that can change the world with an idea† . Likewise my co-workers and friends consider myself as enthusiastic communicator, confi-dent in†¦show more content†¦It allowed us to bring more creativity and energy to build teamwork effectiveness. Our first meeting started with introductions of each professional background. We believed that the acknowledging differences were important to appreciate the contributions. It allowed us also to build trust and collaborative approach. Identifying extremes of personalities were an important basis to set up the work process. We have tailored our work method to include both needs of working individually and together during the weekend workshops. As an individual I prefer to work independently, but this method let me un-derstand that no everyone interprets group tasks and interpret problems the same way. We have decided to meet after a week of individual analysis of the assignment. Next time to influence the better time management outcome, I would organise the first workshops earlier to clearly split the tasks, set up the goal and dictate the pace of work. The difficulties arose after finding out that one of the colleagues will be absent during the significant teamwork period. It caused frustration and complicated the way we could divide the work. As a solu-tion, we have decided to work as much as we can remotely and split the presentation tasks between those who were available. Collaborative and trust through different stages of work became our biggest strength. I understand that once everybody shares the same commitment

The Symbolism of Eating and Food in Bartleby free essay sample

â€Å"Bartleby, The Scrivener† is a memorable story, by Herman Melville, that is able to keep its readers captivated from beginning to end. How does the author successfully grab the attention of his readers? The author utilized his masterful command of the English language to convey the characters, setting, and plot effectively; and in the midst of all the detailed descriptions Melville have used food and the action of eating as powerful symbols. In the story three of the characters have names that are associated with food, and the main character of study, Bartleby, eventually dies of starvation by choice. Given the setting of the story was in the onset of the second industrial revolution, the coming of the big corporations where Wall Street was the center of business activities. To survive, people at the time had to work like busy little bees serving as motors and gears in the mighty corporate business machines. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolism of Eating and Food in Bartleby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The character of Bartleby represented the ultimate passive resistance to the onslaught of the wave that was sure to dominate the whole society. Food and eating was the oil and grease that keep the motors and gears running, Bartleby refused to be part of the corporate machine, he chose complete isolation and maybe that’s his version of freedom. Symbolism as a literary element has been widely used. The Webster’s dictionary defined symbolism as : â€Å"the art or practice of using symbols especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning or by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visible or sensuous representations as artistic imitation or invention that is a method of revealing or suggesting immaterial, ideal, or otherwise intangible truth or states†. As a masterful writer of literature, Melville used symbolism to create the physical setting, the bleak and mundane law office environment. In the law office there are four other characters other than the lawyer, the story’s narrator; they were Turkey, Nippers, Ginger Nut and Bartleby. These four characters, flesh and bone in the body, but lacked the dynamics of round characters, they have been created with a very narrow set of attributes. They were striped of the regular human emotions and were created merely as puppets to assist the delivery of other symbolic means. The names of Turkey, Ginger Nut and Nippers were symbolic nicknames the characters had of each other, they fit their physical and personality characteristics. On a deeper level the lawyer may also hinted that they were insignificant figures, the lawyer never even used their real names and their real names were never introduced, they were just a few of many scriveners in the lawyer’s memory. Turkey is a short and overweight English man around 60 years old. He is named turkey because when he is angry his neck would turn red almost resembles a turkey. His mood changes as sure as time would pass day after day. He is very effective in the morning and becomes less and less so in the afternoon. He would start getting easily distracted and frustrated maybe due to intoxication. Turkey had a troubled state of finance can be perceived as someone of being caged by the repetitive work yet has not been able to improve his living standard. Turkey wears clothes that â€Å"look oily and smell of eating houses. Even when the lawyer tried to give him an used, but nice looking coat, Turkey’s response was described as â€Å"precisely as a rash, restive horse is said to feel his oats, so Turkey felt his coat, restive horse is said to feel his oats, so Turkey felt his coat. † (Melville 125) Through these descriptions the author hinted that the employees were just modern day copiers, repetitively performing the same tasks day after day, like animals that only needed food to keep working but too much food may cause them to be resistive or lazy. Nippers is a young man, about 25 years old, who suffers from indigestion but always eats cakes and ginger nuts. Compared to â€Å"Turkey† which is a name more obviously associated with food, the name â€Å"Nippers† more symbolizes with the fashion Nippers consumes food, basically nips food at a time. (Eric) He feels bad every morning, and regains focus and efficiency in the afternoon. Nippers and Turkey are quite complimentary as the narrator explains, almost are a match made in heaven only if they were of one person instead. The name of Nippers is just a tool, here used to refer this young man with problems that only allowed him to be 50% effective as an employee. Ginger Nut is a child of 12 years old, named by a cookie â€Å"Ginger Nut†. His father send him here with a good wish of wanting him to learn some law. However he spend whole day on cleaning, buying cakes and apples in return for only one dollar’s worth salary. His work in the law office is described as â€Å"contained in a nut shell. † (Melville 125) This could be contributed to the fact that Ginger Nut’s work was mostly about satisfying demands from Turkey and Nippers for food. Bartleby, described as â€Å"pallidly neat, pitiably respectable, and incurably forlorn† (Melville 126) only eats the cookies Ginger Nut brings day after day, no coffee, tea or anything else of other flavor. The Lawyer thought Bartleby might be a vegetarian, a highlight of his interpretation of Bartleby was: â€Å"My mind then ran on in reveries concerning the probable effects upon the human constitution of living entirely on ginger-nuts what was ginger? A hot, spicy thing. Was Bartleby hot and spicy? Not at all. Ginger, then, had no effect upon Bartleby. Probably he preferred it should have none. † (Melville 129) The author actually wanted to shows Bartleby was already at a stage of disengaging himself from the material world. Bartleby only consumers what is necessary to survive no flavor nor abundance was desired. Bartleby eventually stopped eating altogether while in prison even when the prison staff was asked by the lawyer to ensure enough food was available to him. Bartleby’s decision to stop eating was the ultimate show of passive resistance to the material world. His reasons to disengage maybe due to his constant confinement to the bleak and unnatural world of Wall Street or due to his old job as a dead letter processing clerk. Whatever the reason for Bartleby’s decision to disengage from society, it was mostly evidenced by his response of â€Å"I prefer not to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and his decision to stop eating. The employees are meant to be normal people, however they were only referred by their nicknames instead of their real names. They live near the bottom of societal ladder, they have many personal problems and yet must continue to serve as motors and gears in the corporate business world. They are indeed parts in an increasingly mechanical world. The author described the world through detailed descriptions of the setting. The character of the world of work and business is most often illustrated via physical description of the landscape, such as of the bleak and unnatural walls of Wall Street of which Bartleby constantly stares at and is trapped in. In it, Bartleby cannot pretend to have enthusiasm for this bleak world, and so he disengages from it, in stages, until he stops eating and dies within the confines of prison walls.

Culture And Counselling Essay Research Paper Culture free essay sample

Culture And Counselling Essay, Research Paper Culture may be defined in a wide and narrow context. The wide definition includes demographic variables ( age, gender ) , position variables ( societal, educational, economic ) and associations ( formal and informal ) , every bit good as ethnographic variables, such as ethnicity, nationality, linguistic communication. Narrow definition of civilization is limited to the footings of ethnicity and nationality, which are of import for single and familial individuality, but the construct of civilization in Counselling normally goes beyond national and cultural boundaries. It interprets civilization in a broader facet, it aims to travel beyond its more obvious and verifiable symbols toward the more subjective perspectives its members hold. Reding trades with the subjective facet of civilization, which refers to the internalised feeling, attitudes, sentiments and premises that members of a peculiar civilization clasp, every bit good as with the aim, which involves seeable facets, that are c ulturally adopted and determined and can be identified by both individuals within and outside a given civilization. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture And Counselling Essay Research Paper Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are different positions, nevertheless, , which put emphasis on assorted facets of civilization and seek to place its boundaries and its replacements. Some regard civilization as separate entity from demographic factors, some point out socialization as one of the obstructions, which makes civilization hard to place, some show how an confidant and meaningful relationship between a counselor and a culturally different client to be established. In this essay I will be discoursing what the different constructs of apprehension of civilization in Counselling are, by analyzing different writers and positions and measuring their strengths and failings. Herskovits ( 1948 cited in Serpell 1978 ) defines civilization as the portion of the environment, which is created or shaped by human existences. Triandis ( 1972 in Pedersen 1994 ) focused on the civilization # 8216 ; in our caputs # 8217 ; , which is composed of the shared experiences and cognition of a self-perpetuating and uninterrupted human group, which is portion and package of the personal world. Triandis, Bontemplo, Leung A ; Hui ( 1990 cited in Pedersen 1994 ) distinguished between demographic, cultural and personal concepts. Cultural concepts they identified as being shared by group of people, who live in the same geographical location at the same clip, speak the same idiom and shared the same norms, functions, values and ways to depict experience. Demographic constructs trade with the same subjects, but when shared by a peculiar demographic group within a civilization, such as work forces and adult females, immature and old. Personal concepts belong to another class of single differences and can non be meaningfully interpreted with mentions to the cultural and demographic rank. Each of the three concepts are closely related with the others, but they should be examined independently. Reding in this instance should take into account cultural and demographic differences, but work on a personal degree. Contrary to this position stands Hofstede ( 1986, 1992 cited in Pedersen 1996 ) who described three factors or dimensions that constitute and influence civilization. The first construct is individualism-collectivism- a individual experiences himself as a self-contained alone entity, endeavoring to achieve his or her ain ends and to recognize his or her ain aspirations. In a leftist environment a individual finds himself portion of societal web of life-lasting relationships, from which he or she can non or does non desire to be removed. This ambiguity leads to alter in the look of attitudes and values in the societal sphere. Power concept is a concept th at refers to the spread that separates higher-ups from subsidiaries and is assessed on the credence versus rejection of inequality in position, income and power. The 3rd construct is the masculinity-femininity on the footing of a distinction of occupational gender functions. In broader footings, masculine civilizations are orientated toward public presentation, production and accomplishment, feminine civilizations emphasize caring and value aspirations toward the less significant ends of comfort, security and felicity. This position shows the subjective portion of civilization and trades with human existences on vitamin E deeper degree, indicating out that when seeking to understand civilization, all the concepts mentioned supra should besides be taken into history before pulling decisions. The differentiation between civilization as a system with an being on its ain versus civilization as a set of conditions outlined by Berry, Poortinga, Segall and Dasen ( 1992 cited in Pedersen 1996 ) is utile to understanding the dynamic nature of the construct every bit good as its many dimensions, including gender, societal establishments ( household, school, equal groups, church, political groups ) can be observed as go-betweens of the civilization # 8217 ; s symbolic significances, such as values, outlooks and attitudes. Multiculturalism seems to capture together the alone interaction among many different variables that together form cultural diverseness. There is some confusion nevertheless refering the differentiation between footings, such as cultural individuality, cultural individuality and racial individuality. Some writers approached the concept of individuality by agencies of the associated construct of socialization ( Padilla 1980 cited in Ponteroto et al 1996 ) , some from societal cognitive position ( Knight, Bernal, Gazza A ; Cotta 1993 cited in Woolfe R. 1996 ) . Olmedo ( 1979 cited in Ho 1995 ) advocated a psychometric position to the measuring of socialization. Three chief classs of points have been used in the building of graduated tables for mensurating single socialization: lingual ( linguistic communication proficiency ) , sociocultural ( position and mobility, grade of urbanisation, household size ) and psychological ( cultural values orientation, cognition, values, attitudes ) . The inquiry of cultural individuality and how this term becomes flexible one time a individual has left a peculiar state or even speakin g about different coevalss in footings of altering values and forms, shows the chief trouble when seeking to pigeonhole a peculiar civilization, which is the construct of development within the civilization itself, which leads to changeless ongoing alterations of the construct of one’s civilization every bit good as of the construct of civilization itself. However, in most of the guidance literature, civilization is by and large synonymous with race and ethnicity. Other possible cultural dimensions, such as faith, gender, or societal category are normally ignored. Dimensions, such as disablement, sexual orientation and age frequently are addressed apart from civilization. Traditionally, cultural, demographic and personal factors have been distinguished from each other, and gender as a demographic factor is associated with specific values, beliefs and premises shared by a specific section of a civilization. In a planetary society, the boundaries of linguistic communication and geographics as standards for definition of civilization are rather weak. However, some writers still speculate and distinguish civilization of gender. As Segal and Dasen ( 1990 ) claimed that gender differences are enculturated in immature kids through the procedure of different socialisation, doing them portion of either work forces # 8217 ; s and female # 8217 ; s universe, which are complex societal systems with specific values representing civilization of their ain. Gender functions, on the other manus, are claimed to be biologically determined by some writers, such as Pearsons and Bowlby, so those are possible grounds why gender is still examined as a dimension outside civilization. Pedersen ( 1991 cited I Pedersen 1994 ) presented the possibility of a new generic multicultural theory, a # 8216 ; 4th force # 8217 ; which goes good together with the psychodynamic, the behavioural and the humanistic accounts of human behavior. It explains behaviour in footings of single differences every bit good as those facets that are shared across civilizations by the human race and that bind individuals to one another regardless of their differentness. Pederson supported the place that multiculturalism should mention to a wide definition of civilization that includes demographic, ethnographic, position and association dimensions, in which instance there would be a theory, which can be followed and used in all reding relationships. There are three different types of responses to cross-cultural guidance. Harmonizing to Berry ( 1969 ) one should get down with preparation, experience and sensitiveness they have accumulated with their within-cultural patronages and so to extent and modify their intercessions in culturally different reding brushs. The 2nd mentality is a careful conceptual analysis of a civilization # 8217 ; s values and patterns, including its curative intercessions, and eventual incorporation of these constituents into modern reding techniques. The 3rd attack focuses on placing cultural obstructions to effectual and helpful intercession. Once the barriers are identified, they can be removed and a culturally appropriate solution may be proposed. Yet none of those techniques bears in head civilization as being a different dimension with its ain regulations and values and none of them does really see the troubles that may be encountered in specifying and saying cultural boundaries every bit good as t aking them. Cultural consciousness in this instance is helpful, but the fact that cultural differences are sometimes difficult to be distinguished from demographic or personal 1s makes them hard to be accurately identified. Egan ( 1998 ) shows a theoretical account, which undergoes cultural boundaries, which regards cultural differences in the context of premises, beliefs and norms. He claimed that in order a counselor to be efficient, he or she should understand the different demands and the thought of balance in a peculiar civilization, to understand the specific niceties related to demographic factors, but chiefly to esteem that behind their shared humanity, clients differ from one another in many facets and diverseness and single civilization should be praised. Definitions of civilization unit as a group of people populating in the same geographical country and sharing the same linguistic communication or idiom seems to be utile for probes at the group or population degree. However, this attack reduces civilization to a position of a nominal variable, which is instead limited. First, categorical assignment presumes that each topic belong to one and merely cultural unit. This given is indefensible in instances of to the full bicultural or multicultural persons. Second, subcultural fluctuations, originating from powerful factors, such as age, gender and socioeconomic category are ignored ( Ho, 1989 cited in Ho 1995 ) . More basically, within group single differences in the extent to which civilization is internalized can non be dealt with. Third, civilization is treated as uni-dimensional variable, accordingly, the multidimensional variable of cultural procedure is non taken into history. As Counselling addresses personal differences, in the model of cultural and demographic fluctuations, it deals with civilization in a broader facet. In other footings, civilization is accepted as a term, which lacks spacial dimensions and it is hard to be spotted every bit good as defined. Cultural consciousness is of import, but civilization should be regarded as a difference instead than an obstruction and premises should non be drawn. As civilization is a flexible construct which is invariably altering in a broader every bit good as in a narrower context, it is hard to specify, whether a peculiar fragment of one # 8217 ; s personality is culturally determined, demographically adopted or merely a personal feature. Mentions: 1. Egan G. ( 1998 ) The Skilled Helper, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: United states 2. Ho Y.H.D. Internalized Culture, Culturocentrism and Transcendence, The Counselling Psychologist, Vol.23, 1, January 95, p.4-24 3. Pedersen B. ( 1994 ) A Handbook for Developing of Multicultural Awareness, American Counselling Association: United states 4. Pedersen B. et Al. ( 1996 ) ( ed. ) Reding Across Cultures, Sage Publications Inc. : USA 5. Ponteroto J. et Al. ( 1995 ) ( ed. ) Handbook of Multicultural Counselling, Sage Publications Inc. : USA 6. Serpell R. ( 1976 ) Culture # 8217 ; s Influence on Behaviour, Richard Clay Ltd. : United kingdom 7. Woolfe R. A ; Dryden W. ( 1996 ) ( ed. ) Handbook of Counselling Psychology, Sage Publications: United kingdom

7 Things to Do the Summer Before Starting Graduate School

7 Things to Do the Summer Before Starting Graduate School Starting graduate school this fall? Like most soon-to-be grad students you’re probably both excited and anxious for classes to begin. What should you do between now and the beginning of your first semester as a graduate student? Relax Although you may be tempted to read ahead and get an early start on your studies, you should make time to relax. You’ve spent years working to get through college and make it into graduate school. You’re about to spend more years in graduate school and face more challenges and higher expectations than you encountered in college. Avoid burnout before the semester even begins. Take time off to relax or you may find yourself fried by October. Try Not to Work This may not be possible for most students, but remember that is the last summer that you will be free from academic responsibilities. Graduate students work during the summer. They do research, work with their advisor, and perhaps teach summer classes. If you can, take the summer off from work. Or at least cut back on your hours. If you must work, make as much downtime as you can. Consider leaving your job, or if you plan to continue working during the school year, consider taking a vacation two to three weeks before the semester starts. Do whatever is necessary to begin the semester refreshed rather than burned out. Read for Fun Come fall, you’ll have little to no time to read for pleasure. When you have some time off, you’ll probably find that you don’t want to read as that’s how you’ll spend large chunks of your time. Get to Know Your New City If you are moving to attend grad school, consider moving earlier in the summer. Give yourself time to learn about your new home. Discover grocery stores, banks, places to eat, study, and where to grab coffee. Get comfortable in your new home before the whirlwind start of the semester. Something as simple as having all of your belongings stored away and being able to easily find them will reduce your stress and make it easier to start fresh. Get to Know Your Classmates Most incoming cohorts of graduate students have some means of getting in contact with each other, whether through an email list, Facebook group, LinkedIn group, or some other means. Take advantages of these opportunities, should they arise. Interactions with your classmates are an important part of your grad school experience. You’ll study together, collaborate on research, and eventually be professional contacts after graduation. These personal and professional relationships can last your entire career. Clean up Your Social Profiles If you haven’t done so prior to applying to graduate school, make some time to review your social media profiles. Are they set to Private? Do they present you in a positive, professional light? Ditch the college partying pics and posts with profanity. Clean up your Twitter profile and tweets as well. Anyone who works with you is likely to Google you. Don’t let them find material that makes them question your judgment. Keep Your Mind Agile: Prep a Little The key word is little. Read a few of your advisor’s papers- not everything. If you haven’t been matched with an advisor, read a bit about faculty members whose work interests you. Do not burn yourself out. Read a little simply to keep your mind active. Do not study. Also, keep an eye out for topics that interest you. Note a stimulating newspaper article or website. Don’t try to come up with a thesis, but simply note topics and ideas that intrigue you. Once the semester starts and you make contact with an advisor, you can sort through your ideas. Over the summer your goal should simply be to remain an active thinker. Overall, consider the summer before graduate school as a time to recharge and rest. Emotionally and mentally prepare yourself for the amazing experience to come. There will be plenty of time to work and you’ll face many responsibilities and expectations once graduate school begins. Take as much time off as you can- and have fun.

Citezenship essays

Citezenship essays To many people a good U.S. citizen should be one who obeys all the laws established. To some, a patriotic person could be a good citizen. Of course not all people think the same thing. Everyone has the potential to be a decent U.S. citizen. All people could be an awesome citizen of the United States. In my personal opinion there is no such thing as a good U.S. citizen. I think that everybody living in the States has the potential to be a good citizen. Everybody breaks a law at some point in there life. Whether it be a small offense such as, going five miles over the speed limit or something to the extreme such as arson. This does not affect whether or not you are a good citizen, this just determines whether or not you are a good person. A veteran of the Korean War would be a prime example of being patriotic. Not only were they willing to fight for freedom but willing to put their lives in danger for their country. This does not mean they are the best candidate for citizen of the year. It means they are brave and willing to put their life on the line for the sake of other people. This person may have no knowledge of the history of the country they are fighting for. But who is to say they are bad citizens. Charles Manson could be another prime example. He killed a number of people over a matter of years while at the same time gaining followers who in turn did the exact same thing he had previously done. Does that make him a bad citizen? It definitely makes him an extremely bad person but not necessarily a bad citizen. This does not justify the morbid things he had done it simply states that he may not be a bad citizen. Charles Manson could have been the biggest history buff of anyone, yet again who can say he is a bad citizen. For the last example I will use myself. I am a patriotic person, not necessarily as much as some other people but I am none the less. Yet I have gone a couple miles over the sp ...

History, Stalin and the first Five-Year Plan Essay

History, Stalin and the first Five-Year Plan - Essay Example The method dealt here is to access and analyze the discussed sources, learning through the sources the viewpoint held by the authors and discussing their utility in providing knowledge about the plan while at the same time critically analyzing the plan itself. Joseph Stalin, Soviet Communist leader, became famous for his ‘flaws’ as much as for his ‘ambitious industrial drive’. Both the characteristics are contradictory as are the views that various people hold about him. As the USSR went through turmoil after WWI and the civil war Stalin’s Five Year Plan ostensibly set out to provide greater strength to USSR in order to keep the Western Capitalist influences at bay. Through the evidence suggested, it however becomes clear that the results of five-year plan were more a ‘fantasy’ than ‘reality’. However, disregarding the plan as complete failure would be a failure on our part to access the plan completely. The plan was implemented with the single objective in mind, that of technically advancing the USSR in order to cut down its dependence on western countries and to provide a means for working class people to believe in the socialist system. The plan was a success in that while the capitalist countries were suffering the effects of the great depression and, mass unemployment, the USSR was going through a rapid change in terms of its industry and agriculture. It is important to note that USSR implemented its plan without the help of foreign investments. There were huge investments in heavy industry as well as light industry. The development programs included the tractor plants of Kharkov and Stalingrad, the AMO 1automobile factory in Moscow, the automobile plant in Nizhni-Novgorod, the Dnieprostroi hydroelectric project, the mammoth steel plants at Magnitogorsk and Kuznetsk, the network of machine shops, and chemical plants in the Urals. The face of Moscow changed in a short span with new buildings, schools, hospitals